Publications at Duke – WARREN GROUP

2024

Y. Zhou, D. Grass, W.S. Warren, M. Fischer, Non-destructive three-dimensional imaging of artificially degraded CdS paints by pump-probe microscopy. J. Phys. Photonics 6(2): 025013 (2024). doi: 10.1088/2515-7647/ad3e65.
J.R. Lindale, L.L. Smith, M.W. Mammen, S.L. Eriksson, L.M. Everhart, W.S. Warren, Multi-axis fields boost SABRE hyperpolarization. PNAS 121(14): e2400066121 (2024). doi: 10.1073/pnas.2400066121.
D. Grass, M.A. Selim, G.M. Beaseley, M.C. Fischer, W.S. Warren, A new biomarker for metastatic melanoma based on femtosecond pump-probe microscopy and supervised learning. Proc. SPIE PC12816, Photonics in Dermatology and Plastic Surgery 2024, PC128169K (2024). doi: 10.1117/12.2891938.
D. Grass, Identifying metastatic melanoma with pump-probe microscopy of melanin. Proc. SPIE PC12855, Advanced Chemical Microscopy for Life Science and Translational Medicine 2024, PC1285504 (2024). doi: 10.1117/12.2691939.

2023

M.C. Fischer, Y. Zhou, H. Kastenholz, M. Topper, D. Grass, W. Warren, Prospects of pump-probe microscopy for revealing pigment identity and degradation. Proc. SPIE PC12620, Optics for Arts, Architecture, and Archaeology (O3A) IX, PC1262001 (2023). doi: 10.1117/12.2675050.
D. Grass, G.M. Beaseley, M.C. Fischer, M.A. Selim, Y. Zhou, W.S. Warren, Identifying metastatic melanoma with pump-probe microscopy of melanin. Proc. SPIE PC12392, Advanced Chemical Microscopy for Life Science and Translational Medicine 2023, PC123920F (2023). doi: 10.1117/12.2655705.
M.J. Melo, M. Ghirardello, A. Candeo, D. Comelli, C.Manzoni, M. Thoury, M. Réfrégiers, M. Oujja, M. Sanz, A. Dal Fovo, R. Fontana, M. Castillejo, Y. Zhou, H. Kastenholz, W.S. Warren, M.C. Fischer, Laboratory Instrumentation. In: Springer Series on Fluorescence. Springer, Cham. (2023). doi: 10.1007/4243_2023_46.
J.R. Lindale, S.L. Eriksson, W.S. Warren, Improved modeling of dynamic quantum systems using exact Lindblad master equations. Phys. Rev. A 108(1): 012806 (2023). doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.108.012806.
W.S. Warren, Comment on: ‘Experimental indications of non-classical brain function’ 2022 Journal of Physics Communications 6 105001. J. Phys. Commun. 7 038001 (2023). doi: 10.1088/2399-6528/acc4a8.

2022

S.L. Eriksson, M.W. Mammen, C.W. Eriksson, J.R. Lindale, W.S. Warren, Multiaxial fields improve SABRE efficiency by preserving hydride order. J Mag Res. 342, 107282 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2022.107282. PMID: 35970048.
D. Grass, G. M. Beasley, M. C. Fischer, M. A. Selim, Y. Zhou, W. S. Warren, (2022). Contrast mechanisms in pump-probe microscopy of melanin. Optics Express 30(18): 31852-31862. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.469506. PMID: 36242259.
W.S. Warren, Beating the odds for journal acceptance. Sci Adv. 8(30), eadd9147 (2022). doi: 10.1126/sciadv.add9147.
S. L. Eriksson, J. R. Lindale, X. Li, W. S. Warren, Improving SABRE hyperpolarization with highly nonintuitive pulse sequences: Moving beyond avoided crossings to descibe dynamics. Sci. Adv. 8, eabl3708 (2022). doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abl3708. PMID: 35294248.
S. Degan, B. L. May, Y. J. Jin, M. B. Hammoda, H. Sun, G. Zhang, Y. Wang, D. Erdmann, W. S. Warren, J. Y. Zhang, Co-Treatment of Chloroquine and Trametinib Inhibits Melanoma Cell Proliferation and Decreases Immune Cell Infiltration. Front. Oncol. 2022 Jun 30;12:782877. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.782877. PMID: 35847840.
X. Li, J. R. Lindale, S. L. Eriksson, W. S. Warren, SABRE enhancement with oscillating pulse sequences. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 24, 16462-16470 (2022). doi: 10.1039/d2cp00899h. PMID: 35552575.
J. R. Lindale, S. L. Eriksson, W. S. Warren, Phase coherent excitation of SABRE permits simultaneous hyperpolarization of multiple targets at high magnetic field. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 24, 7214-7223 (2022). doi: 10.1039/d1cp05962a. PMID: 35266466.
W.S. Warren, Earning the public’s trust. Sci Adv. 8, eabo6347 (2022). doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abo6347. PMID: 35263145.
H. Park, S. Eriksson, W.S. Warren, and Q. Wang, Design, synthesis and evaluation of 15N- and 13C-labeled molecular probes as hyperpolarized nitric oxide sensors. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. 72, 116969 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116969. PMID: 36029732.
S. Nantogma, S.L. Eriksson, I. Adelabu, I. Mandzhieva, A. Browning, P. TomHon, W.S. Warren, T. Theis, B.M. Goodson, E.Y. Chekmenev, Interplay of Near-Zero-Field Dephasingm Rephasing, and Relaxation Dynamics and [1-13C] Pyruvate Polarization Tranfer Efficiency in Pulsed SABRE-SHEATH. J. Phys. Chem. A 126(48): 9114-9123 (2022). doi: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c07150. PMID: 36441955.

2021

J. Jiang, D. Grass, Y. Zhou, W. S. Warren, M. C. Fischer, (2021). “Beyond intensity modulation: new approaches to pump-probe microscopy.” Optics Letters 46(6): 1474-1477 (2021). doi: 10.1364/OL.417905. PMID: 33720215.
G. C. McKeown Wessler, T. Wang, J. Sun, Y. Liao, M. C. Fischer, V. Blum, D. B. Mitzi, (2021). “Structural, Optical, and Electronic Properties of Two Quaternary Chalcogenide Semiconductors: Ag₂SrSiS₄ and Ag₂SrGeS₄.” Inorg. Chem. 60(16): 12206–12217. doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01416
J. Bae, G. Zhang, H. Park, W. S. Warren, Q. Wang, (2021). “15N-Azides as practical and effective tags for developing long-lived hyperpolarized agents.” Chemical Science 12(42): 14309-14315. doi: 10.1039/d1sc04647k. PMID: 34760217.

2020

J. R. Lindale, S. L. Eriksson, C. P. Tanner, W. S. Warren, Infinite-order perturbative treatment for quantum evolution with exchange. Sci. Adv. 6, eabb6874 (2020). doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abb6874. PMID: 32821841.
H. Park, G. Zhang, J. Bae, T. Theis, W.S. Warren, Q. Wang, “Application of ¹⁵N₂-Diazirines as a Versatile Platform for Hyperpolarization of Biological Molecules by d-DNP,” Bioconjug Chem, 31(3):537-541 (2020). doi: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00028. PMID: 32023034.
J.F.P. Colell, A.W.J. Logan, Z. Zhou, J.R. Lindale, R. Laasner, R. Shchepin, E. Chekmenev, V. Blum, W.S. Warren, S.J. Malcolmson, T. Theis, “Rational Ligand Choice Extends the SABRE Substrate Scope,” Chem Commun, 56, 9336-9339 (2020). doi: 10.1039/d0cc01330g. PMID: 32671356.
W.S. Warren, D. Grass, M.C. Fischer, “Nonlinear Pump-Probe Microscopy Improves Early Detection of Metastatic Melanoma,” Bull Amer Phys Soc (2020). Abstract.
J. Jiang, W.S. Warren, M.C. Fischer, “Crossed-Beam Pump-Probe Microscopy,” Optics Express 28 (8) 11259-11266 (2020). doi: 10.1364/OE.389004. PMID: 32403640.
M.E. Gemeinhardt, M.N. Limbach, T.R. Beghardt, C.W. Eriksson, S.L. Eriksson, J.R. Lindale, E.A. Goodson, W.S. Warren, E.Y. Chekmenev,B.M. Goodson, “Direct 13C Hyperpolarization of 13C-Acetate by MicroTesla NMR Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange(SABRE),”Angewandte Chemie (Int’l ed. in English) 59, 418-423 (2020). doi: 10.1002/anie.201910506. PMID: 31661580.
E.P. Fischer, M.C. Fischer, D. Grass, I. Henrion, W.S. Warren, E. Westman, “Low-Cost Measurement of Face Mask Efficacy for Filtering Expelled Droplets During Speech,” Sci Adv 6 (36), (2020). doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abd3083. PMID: 32917603.

2019

J.R. Lindale, S.L. Eriksson, C.P.L. Tanner, Z. Zhou, J.F.P. Colell, G. Zhang, J. Bae, E.Y. Chekmenev, T. Theis, W.S. Warren, “Unveiling Coherently Driven Hyperpolarization Dynamics in Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange”, Nat Commun. 10, 395 (2019) doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-08298-8. PMID: 30674881.
R.V. Shchepin, J.R. Birchall, N.V. Chukanov, K.V. Kovtunov, I.V. Koptyug, T. Theis, W.S. Warren, J.G. Gelovan, B.M. Goodson, S. Shokouhi, M.S. Rosen, Y.F. Yen, W. Pham, E.Y. Chekmenev, “Hyperpolarizing Concentrated Metronidazole ¹⁵NO₂ Group Over Six Chemical Bonds with More than 15% Polarization and 20 Minute Lifetime,” Chemistry. 25, 8829-8836 (April 9, 2019). doi: 10.1002/chem.201901192. PMID: 30964568.
K-Y Ju, S. Degan, M.C. Fischer, K.C. Zhou, X. Jia, J. Yu, W.S. Warren, “Unraveling the Molecular Nature of Melanin Changes in Metastatic Cancer,” J Biomed Opt. 24(5): 1-13 (2019). doi: 10.1117/1.JBO.24.5.051414. PMID: 30977334
J. Yu, M.C. Fischer, W.S. Warren, “Visualization of Vermilion Degradation Using Pump-Probe Microscopy,” Sci Adv 5 (2019) eaaw3136. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw3136. PMID: 31245540.
F.E. Robles, D. Sanghamitra, L. Vajzovic, G.K. Vora, P. Mruthyunajaya, W.S. Warren, “Analysis of Melanin Structure and Biochemical composition in Conjuntival Melanocytic Lesions Using Pump-Probe Microscopy,” Trans Vision Sci & Tech. 8, 33 (2019). doi: 10.1167/tvst 8.3.33. PMID: 31183249.
G. Zhang, J.F.P. Colell, T. Glachet, J.R. Lindale, V. Reboul, T. Theis, W.S. Warren, “Terminal Diazirines Enable Reverse Polarization Transfer from (15) N2 Singlets,” Angewandte Chemie (Int’l ed. in English). 58, 11118-11124 (2019). doi: 10.1002/anie.201904026. PMID: 31168901.
N.M. Ariyasingha, J.R. Lindale, S.L. Eriksson, G.P. Clark, T. Theis, R.V. Shchepin, N.V. Chukanov, K.V. Kovtunov, I.V. Koptyug, W.S. Warren, E.Y. Chekmenev, “Quasi-Resonance Fluorine-19 Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange,” J Phys Chem Letters. 10, 15, 4229-4236 (2019). doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01505. PMID: 31291106.
C.P.N. Tanner, J.R. Lindale, S.L. Eriksson, Z. Zhou, J.F.P. Colell, T. Theis, W.S. Warren, “Selective Hyperpolarization of Heteronuclear Singlet States Via Pulsed Microtesla SABRE,” J Chem Physics. 151(4): 044201 (2019). doi: 10.1063/1.5108644. PMID: 31370556.
T. Glachet, H. Marzag, R.N. Saraiva, J.F.P. Colell, G. Zhang, W.S. Warren, X. Franck, T. Theis, V. Reboul, “Iodonitrene in Action: Direct Transformation of Amino Acids into Terminal Diazirines and 15N2-Diazirines and Their Application as Hyperpolarized Markers,” J Am Chem Soc. 141, 34, 13689–13696 (2019). doi: 10.1021/jacs.9b07035. PMID: 31373802.
J.R. Lindale, C.P.N. Tanner, S.L. Eriksson, W.S. Warren, “Decoupled LIGHT-SABRE Variants Allow Hyperpolarization of Asymmetric SABRE Systems at an Arbitrary Field,” J Magn Reson. 307, 106577 (2019). doi: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.106577. PMID: 31454701.
W.S. Warren, “Introduction to Special Collection on New Scientific Methods for Cultural Heritage,” Sci Adv. 5(10): eaaz3323 (2019). doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz3323. PMID: 31616797.
J. Yu, Z-G Li, C. kolodziej, S. Kuyuldar, W.S. Warren, C. Burda, M.C. Fischer, “Visualizing the Impact of Chloride Addition on the Microscopic Carrier Dynamcs of MAPbI3 Thin Films using Femtosecond Transient Absorption Microscopy,” J Chem Phys. 151(23): 234710 (2019). doi: 10.1063/1512785. PMID: 31864238.

2018

J. Bae, Z. Zhou, T. Theis, W.S. Warren, Q. Wang, “15 N₄-1,2,4,5-Tetrazines as Potential Molecular Tags: Integrating Bioorthogonal Chemistry with Hyperpolarization and Uncovering para-N₂“, Sci Adv. 2018, 4(3): eaar2978 (2018). doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aar2978. PMID: 29536045.
K-Y Ju, M.C. Fischer, W.S. Warren, “Understanding the Role of Aggregation in the Broad Absorption Bands of Eumelanin.” Acs Nano 12(12): 12050–12061 (2018) doi: 10.1021/acsnano.8b04905. PMID: 30500158.
T. Theis, N.M. Ariyasingha, R.V. Shchepin, J.R. Lindale, W.S. Warren, E.Y. Chekmenev, “Quasi-Resonance Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange,” J Phys Chem Lett 9, 6136-6142 (2018). doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02669. PMID: 30284835.
J. Yu, W.S. Warren, M.C. Fischer, “Spectroscopic Differentiation and Microscopic Imaging of Red Organic Pigments Using Optical Pump-Probe Contrast,” Anal Chem 90, 12686-12691 (2018). doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem8b02949. PMID: 30350615.
E. Ghadiri, D. Shin, A. Shafiee, W.S. Warren, D.B. Mitzi, “Grain-Resolved Ultrafast Photophysics in Cu₂BaSnS₄__xSe_x Semiconductors Using Pump-Probe Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy and Microscopy,” ACS Appli Mater Interfaces 10, 39615-39623 (2018). doi: 10.1021/acsami.8b12307. PMID: 30350945.

2017

J.F.P. Colell, M. Edmondts, A.W.J. Logan, K. Shen, J. Bae, R.V. Shchepin, G.X. Ortiz Jr, P. Spannring, Q. Wang, S.J. Malcolmson, E.Y. Chekmenevy, M. C. Fischer, F. P. J. T. Rutjes, Bernhard Blümich, T. Theis, W.S. Warren, Direct Hyperpolarization of Nitrogen-15 in Aqueous Media with Parahydrogen in Reversible Exchange. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 139 (23): 7761-7767 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b00569. PMID: 28443329.
Z. Zhou, J. Yu, J.F.P. Colell R. Laasner, A. Logan, D.A. Barskiy, R.V. Shchepin, E.Y. Chekmenev, V. Blum, W.S.Warren, T. Theis, “Long-Lived 13C2 Nuclear Spin States Hyperpolarized by Parahydrogen in Reversible Exchange at Microtesla Fields.” J Phys Chem Lett 8(13): 3008-3014 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00987. PMID: 28594557.
J.W. Wilson, F.E. Robles, S. Deb, W.S. Warren, M.C. Fischer, “Comparison of Pump-Probe and Hyperspectral Imaging in Unstained Histology Sections of Pigmented Lesions.” Biomed Opt Express 8(8): 3882-3890 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.8.003882. PMID: 28856057.
K. Shen, A.W.J. Logan, J.F.P. Colell, J. Bae, G.X.Ortiz, Jr., T. Theis, W.S. Warren, S.J. Malcolmson, Q. Wang, “Diazirines as Potential Molecular Imaging Tags: Probing the Requirements for Efficient and Long-Lived SABRE-Induced Hyperpolarization.” Agnew Chem Int Ed Engl 56(40): 12280-12284 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201704970. PMID: 28664640.
J.F.P. Colell, A.W.J. Logan, Z. Zhou, R.V. Shchepin, D.A. Barskiy, G.X. Ortiz Jr, Q. Wang, S.J. Malcolmson, E.Y. Chekmenevy, W.S. Warren, and T. Theis, “Generalizing, Extending, and Maximizing Nitrogen-15 Hyperpolarization Induced by Parahydrogen in Reversible Exchange.” J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces. 121, 6626-6634 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b12097. PMID: 28392884.
F.E. Robles, S. Deb, M.C. Fischer, W.S. Warren, and M.A. Selim, “Label-Free Imaging of Female Genital Tract Melanocytic Lesions with Pump-Probe Microscopy: A Promising Diagnostic Tool”, J Low Genit Tract Dis. 21, 137-144 (2017).doi: 10.1097/LGT.0000000000000290. PMID: 28157824.
F.E. Robles, K.C. Zhou, M.C. Fischer, and W.S. Warren, “Stimulated Raman Scattering Spectroscopic Optical Coherence Tomography”, Optica 4.2, 243-246 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.4.000243. PMID: 29302608.
D.A. Barskiy, R.V. Shchepin, C.P.N Tanner, J.F.P. Colell, B.M. Goodson, T. Theis, W.S. Warren, and E.Y. Chekmenevy, “The Absence of Quadrupolar Nuclei Facilitates Efficient (13) C Hyperpolarization via Reversible Exchange with Parahydrogen” Chem Phys Chem. 18(12):1493-1498 (2017). doi: 10.1002/cphc.201700416 PMID: 28517362.
C.J. Puza, W.S. Warren, and P.J. Mosca, “The changing landscape of dermatology practice: melanoma and pump-probe microscopy” Laser Med Sci. 32(9): 2173 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-017-2319-2. PMID: 28890988.
R.V. Shchepin, B.M. Goodson, T. Theis, W.S. Warren, E.Y. Chekmenev , “Toward Hyperpolarized ¹⁹F Molecular Imaging via Reversible Exchange with Parahydrogen.” Chem Phys Chem. 18,1961-1965 (2017). doi: 10.1002/cphc.201700594. PMID: 28557156.
R.V. Shchepin, L. Jaigirdar, T. Theis, W.S. Warren, B.M. Goodson, E.Y. Chekmenev, “Spin Relays Enable Efficient Long-Range Heteronuclear Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange”, J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces. 121(51):28425-28434 (2017). doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b11485. PMID: 29955243.

2016

A. Thompson, F.E. Robles, J.W. Wilson, S. Deb, R. Calderbank, and W.S. Warren, “Dual-Wavelenth Pump-Probe Microscopy Analysis of Melanin Composition”, Sci Rep. 6, 36871 (2016). doi: 10.1038/srep36871. PMID: 27833147.
A.W.J. Logan, T. Theis, J.F.P. Colell, W.S. Warren, and S.J. Malcolmson, “Hyperpolarization of Nitrogen-15 Schiff Bases by Reversible Exchange Catalysis with para-Hydrogen”, Chem. Eur. J., 22, 10777-10781 (2016). doi: 10.1002/chem.201602393. PMID: 27218241.
R.V. Shchepin, D.A. Barskiy, A.M. Coffey, T. Theis, F. Shi, W.S. Warren, B.M. Goodson, and E.Y. Chekmenev, “¹⁵N Hyperpolarization of Imidazole-¹⁵N₂ for Magnetic Resonance pH Sensing via SABRE-SHEATH”, ACS Sens., 1, 640-644 (2016). doi: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00231. PMID: 27379344.
T.E. Villafana, J.K. Delaney, W.S. Warren, and M.C. Fischer, “High-resolution, three-dimensional imaging of pigments and support in paper and textiles,” Journal of Cultural Heritage, 20, 583-588 (2016). doi: 10.1016/j.culher.2016.02.003
T. Theis, G.X. Ortiz Jr, A.W.J. Logan, K.E. Claytor, Y. Feng, W.P. Huhn, V. Blum, S.J. Malcolmson, E.Y. Chekmenev, Q. Wang, and W.S. Warren, “Direct and cost-efficient hyperpolarization of long-lived nuclear spin states on universal ¹⁵N₂-diazirine molecular tags”, Science Advances, 2, E1501438 (2016). doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1501438 | PMID: 27051867
M.C. Fischer, J.W. Wilson, F.E. Robles, and W.S. Warren, “Invited Review Article: Pump-probe microscopy”, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 87, 031101 (2016). doi: 10.1063/1.4943211 | PMID: 27036751
F.E. Robles, M.C. Fischer, and W.S. Warren, “Dispersion-based stimulated Raman scattering spectroscopy, holography, and optical coherence tomography”, Opt. Express, 24, 485-498 (2016). doi: 10.1364/OE.24.000485 | PMID: 26832279
Z. Zhou, K.E. Claytor, W.S. Warren, and T. Theis, “Accessing long-lived ¹H states via ²H coupling”, J. Magn. Reson., 263, 108-115 (2016). doi: 10.1016/j.jmr.2015.12.020 | PMID: 26774648
R.M. Davis, Z. Zhou, H. Chung, and W. S. Warren, “Multi-spin echo spatial encoding provides three-fold improvement of temperature precision during intermolecular zero quantum thermometry”, Magn Reson Med, 75, 1958-66 (2016). doi: 10.1002/mrm.25789 | PMID: 26077531.
D.A. Barskiy, R.V. Shchepin, A.M. Coffey, T. Theis, W.S. Warren, B.M. Goodson, E.Y. Chekmenev, “Over 20% (15)N Hyperpolarization in Under One Minute for Metronidazole, an Antibiotic and Hypoxia Probe”, J Am Chem Soc. 138(26): 8080-8083 (2016). doi: 10.1021/jacs.6b04784. PMID: 27321159.

2015

F.E. Robles, S. Deb, J.W. Wilson, C.S. Gainey, M.A. Selim, P.J. Mosca, D.S. Tyler, M.C. Fischer, and W. S. Warren, “Pump-probe imaging of pigmented cutaneous melanoma primary lesions gives insight into metastatic potential”, Biomed Opt Express, 6, 3631-3645 (2015). doi: 10.1364/BOE.6.003631 | PMID: 26417529
M. L. Truong, T. Theis, A. M. Coffey, R. V. Shchepin, K. W. Waddell, F. Shi, B. Goodson, W. S. Warren, and E. Y. Chekmenev, “15N hyperpolarization by reversible exchange using SABRE-SHEATH”, J. Phys. Chem. C, 119(16), 8786-97 (2015). doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b01799 | PMID: 25960823
R. V. Schchepin, M. L. Truong, T. Theis, A. M. Coffey, F. Shi, K. W. Waddell, W. S. Warren, B. M. Goodson, and E. Y. Chekmenev, “Hyperpolarization of ‘neat’ liquids by NMR signal amplification by reversible exchange”, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 6(10), 1961-7 (2015). doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00782 | PMID: 26029349
J. W. Wilson, J. K. Park, W. S. Warren, and M. C. Fischer, “Flexible digital signal processing architecture for narrowband and spread-spectrum lock-in detection in multiphoton microscopy and time-resolved spectroscopy”, Rev Sci Instrum. 86(3):033707, (2015). doi: 10.1063/1.4916261 | PMID: 25832238
T. Theis, M. L. Truong, A. M. Coffey, R. V. Shchepin, K. W. Waddell, F. Shi, B. M. Goodson BM, W. S. Warren, and E. Y. Chekmenev, “Microtesla SABRE enables 10% nitrogen-15 nuclear spin polarization”, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137(4), 1404-7, (2015). doi: 10.1021/ja512242d | PMID: 25583142
J.W. Wilson, S. Degan, C.S. Gainey, T. Mitropoulos, M.J. Simpson, J.Y. Zhang, and W.S. Warren, “Comparing in vivo pump-probe and multiphoton fluorescence microscopy of melanoma and pigmented lesions”, J. Biomed. Opt., 20, 051012, (2015). doi: 10.1117/1.JBO.20.5.051012 | PMID: 25415567

2014

J. K. Park, M. C. Fischer, K. Susumu, M. J. Therien, and W. S. Warren, “Femtosecond pulse train shaping improves two-photon excited fluorescence measurements,” Opt. Lett. 39, 5606 (2014). doi: 10.1364/OL.39.005606 | PMID: 25360939
K. Claytor, T. Theis, Y. Feng, J. Yu, D. Gooden, and W. S. Warren, “Accessing long-lived disconnected spin-½ eigenstates through spins > ½”, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136, 15118–15121 (2014). doi: 10.1021/ja505792j | PMID: 25229309
F.E. Robles, M.C. Fischer, and W.S. Warren, “Femtosecond pulse shaping enables detection of optical Kerr-effect (OKE) dynamics for molecular imaging”, Optics Letters, 39, 4788-4791(2014). doi: 10.1364/OL.39.004788 | PMID: 25121875
R.M. Davis and W.S. Warren, “Intermolecular zero quantum coherences enable accurate temperature imaging in red bone marrow”, Magn Reson Med, (2014). doi: 10.1002/mrm.25372 | PMID: 25043195
T. Theis, M. Truong, A. Coffey, E. Chekmenev, and W. S. Warren, “LIGHT-SABRE enables efficient in-magnet catalytic hyperpolarization”, J. Magn. Reson., 248, 23-26 (2014). doi: 10.1016/j.jmr.2014.09.005 | PMID: 25299767
Y. Feng, T. Theis, T. Wu, K. Claytor, and W. S. Warren, “Long Lived Polarization Protected by Symmetry: LOLIPOPS”, J. Chem. Phys, 141, 134307 (2014). doi: 10.1063/1.4896895 | PMID: 25296806
T. Theis, Y. Feng, T. Wu, and W.S. Warren, “Composite and shaped pulses for efficient and robust pumping of disconnected eigenstates in magnetic resonance”, J. Chem. Phys., 140, 014201 (2014). doi: 10.1063/1.4851337 | PMID: 24410222
T.E. Villafana, W.P. Brown, J.K. Delaney, M. Palmer, W.S. Warren, and M.C. Fischer, “Femtosecond pump-probe microscopy generates virtual cross-sections in historic artwork”, PNAS, 111, 1708-13 (2014).doi: 10.1073/pnas.1317230111 | PMID: 2449855
M.J. Simpson, J.W. Wilson, F. Robles, C. Dall, K. Glass, J. Simon, and W.S. Warren, “Near-infrared excited state dynamics of melanins: the effects of iron content, photo-damage, chemical oxidation, and aggregate size”, J Phys Chem A, 118, 993-1003 (2014). doi: 10.1021/jp4107475 | PMID: 24446774
K.E. Claytor, T. Theis, Y. Feng, and W.S. Warren, “Measuring Long-Lived ¹³C-Singlet State Lifetimes at Natural Abundance”, J Magn Reson, 239, 81-86 (2014). doi: 10.1016/j.jmr.2013.12.009 | PMID: 24457544

2013

F.E. Robles, J.W. Wilson, and W.S. Warren, “Quantifying melanin spatial distribution using pump-probe microscopy and a two-dimensional morphological autocorrelation transformation for melanoma diagnosis”, J Biomed Opt, 18, 120502 (2013). doi: 10.1117/1.JBO.18.12.120502 | PMID: 24296994
J.W. Wilson, L. Vajzovic, F.E. Robles, T.J. Cummings, P. Mruthyunjaya, and W.S. Warren, “Imaging microscopic pigment chemistry in conjunctival lesions using pump-probe laser microscopy”, Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 54, 6867-76 (2013). doi: 10.1167/iovs.13-12432 | PMID: 24065811
R.T. Branca, L. Zhang, W.S. Warren, E. Auerbach, A. Khanna, S. Degan, K. Ugurbil, and R. Maronpot, “In Vivo Noninvasive Detection of Brown Adipose Tissue through Intermolecular Zero-Quantum MRI”, PLoS ONE, 8, e74206 (2013). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074206 | PMID: 24040203
F.E. Robles, P. Samineni, J.W. Wilson, and W.S. Warren, “Pump-probe nonlinear phase dispersion spectroscopy”, Optics Express, 21, 9353-9364 (2013). doi: 10.1364/OE.21.009353 | PMID: 23609646
Y. Feng, T. Theis, X. Liang, Q. Wang, P. Zhou, and W.S. Warren, “Storage of hydrogen spin polarization in long-lived ¹³C₂ singlet order and implications for hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging”, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 135, 9632-9635 (2013). doi: 10.1021/ja404936p | PMID: 23781874
M.J. Simpson, K.E. Glass, J.W. Wilson, P.R. Wilby, J.D. Simon, and W.S. Warren, “Pump–probe microscopic imaging of Jurassic-aged eumelanin”, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 4, 1924–1927 (2013). doi: 10.1021/jz4008036 | PMID: 23847720
M.J. Simpson, J.W. Wilson, M.T. Phipps, F.E. Robles, M.A. Selim, and W.S. Warren, “Nonlinear microscopy of eumelanin and pheomelanin with sub-cellular resolution”, J Invest Dermatol, 133, 1822-1826 (2013). doi: 10.1038/jid.2013.37 | PMID: 23353985

2012

B. Li, Y. Cheng, J. Liu, C. Yi, A.S. Brown, H. Yuan, T. Vo-Dinh, M.C. Fischer, and W.S. Warren, “Direct optical imaging of graphene in vitro by nonlinear femtosecond laser spectral reshaping”, Nano Lett, 12, 5936–5940 (2012). doi: 10.1021/nl303358p | PMID: 23101475
J.W. Wilson, S. Degan, W.S. Warren, and M.C. Fischer, “Optical clearing of archive-compatible paraffin embedded tissue for multiphoton microscopy”, Biomed Opt Express, 3, 2752-2760 (2012). doi: 10.1364/BOE.3.002752 | PMID: 23162713
A.M. Stokes, J.W. Wilson, and W.S. Warren, “Characterization of restricted diffusion in uni- and multi-lamellar vesicles using short distance iMQCs”, J Magn Reson, 223, 31-40 (2012). doi: 10.1016/j.jmr.2012.07.021 | PMID: 22975234
Y. Feng, R. Davis, and W.S. Warren, “Accessing long-lived nuclear singlet states between chemically equivalent spins without breaking symmetry”, Nature Physics, 8, 831–837 (2012). doi: 10.1038/NPHYS2425 | PMID: 23505397
M.F. Duarte, T.E. Matthews, W.S. Warren, and R. Calderbank (editors), “Melanoma Classification from Hidden Markov Tree Features”, Proc. 2012 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), 685-688 (2012). doi: 10.1109/ICASSP.2012.6287976
F.E. Robles, J.W. Wilson, M.C. Fischer, and W.S. Warren, “Phasor analysis for nonlinear pump-probe microscopy”, Opt Lett, 20, 17082-17092 (2012). doi: 10.1364/OE.20.017082
B. Li, K.E. Claytor, H. Yuan, T. Vo-Dinh, W.S. Warren, and M.C. Fischer, “Multicontrast nonlinear optical microscopy with a compact and rapid pulse shaper”, Opt Lett, 37, 2763-5 (2012). doi: 10.1364/OL.37.002763 | PMID: 22743521
Y.M. Chen, R.T. Branca, and W.S. Warren, “Revisiting the mean-field picture of dipolar effects in solution NMR”, J Chem Phys, 136, 204509 (2012). doi: 10.1063/1.4721637 | PMID: 22667573
A.M. Stokes, Y. Feng, T. Mitropoulos, and W.S. Warren, “Enhanced refocusing of fat signals using optimized multipulse echo sequences”, Magn Reson Med, 69, 1044-55 (2012). doi: 10.1002/mrm.24340 | PMID: 22627966
J. Wilson, P. Samineni, W.S. Warren, and M.C. Fischer, “Cross-phase modulation spectral shifting: nonlinear phase contrast in a pump-probe microscope”, Biomed Opt Express, 3, 854-62 (2012). doi: 10.1364/BOE.3.000854 | PMID: 22567580
P. Samineni, A. DeCruz, T.E. Villafaña, W.S. Warren, and M.C. Fischer, “Pump-probe imaging of historical pigments used in paintings”, Opt Lett, 37, 1310 (2012). doi: 10.1364/OL.37.001310 | PMID: 22513669
J.H. Cho, K.S. Hong, J. Cho, S.K. Chang, C. Cheong, N.H. Lee, H. Kim, W.S. Warren, S. Ahn, and C. Lee, “Detection of iron-labeled single cells by MR imaging based on intermolecular double quantum coherences at 14T”, J Mag Reson, 217, 86-91 (2012). doi: 10.1016/j.jmr.2012.02.014 | PMID: 22436467
P. Samineni, B. Li, J.W. Wilson, W.S. Warren, and M.C. Fischer, “Cross-phase modulation imaging”, Opt Lett, 37, 800-2 (2012). doi: 10.1364/OL.37.000800 | PMID: 22378398

2011

W.S. Warren, “Concentrated Solution Effects”, Encyclopedia of Magnetic Resonance (2011). doi: 10.1002/9780470034590.emrstm0088.pub2
T.E. Matthews, J.W. Wilson, S. Degan, M.J. Simpson, J.Y. Jin, J.Y. Zhang, and W.S. Warren, “In vivo and ex vivo epi-mode pump-probe imaging of melanin and microvasculature”, Biomed Opt Express, 2 (6), 1576-83 (2011). doi: 10.1364/BOE.2.001576 | PMID: 21698020
J. Kurhanewicz, D.B. Vigneron, K. Brindle, E.Y. Chekmenev, A. Comment, C.H. Cunningham, R.J. Deberardinis, G.G. Green, M.O. Leach, S.S. Rajan, R.R. Rizi, B.D. Ross, W.S. Warren, and C.R. Malloy, “Analysis of cancer metabolism by imaging hyperpolarized nuclei: prospects for translation to clinical research”, Neoplasia, 13 (2), 81-97 (2011). doi: 10.1593/neo.101102 | PMID: 21403835
T.E. Matthews, I.R. Piletic, M.A. Selim, M.J. Simpson, and W.S. Warren, “Pump-probe imaging differentiates melanoma from melanocytic nevi”, Sci Transl Med, 3 (71), 71ra15 (2011). doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3001604 | PMID: 21346168
R.T. Branca, E.R. Jenista, and W.S. Warren, “Inhomogeneity-free heteronuclear iMQC”, J Magn Reson, 209 (2), 347-51 (2011). doi: 10.1016/j.jmr.2011.01.018 | PMID: 21316278
R.T. Branca and W.S. Warren, “In vivo NMR detection of diet induced changes in adipose tissue composition”, J Lipid Res, 52 (4), 833-9 (2011). doi: 10.1194/jlr.D012468 | PMID: 21270099
B. Li, W.S. Warren, and M.C. Fischer, “Phase-cycling coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering using shaped femtosecond laser pulses”, Opt Express, 18 (25), 25825-32 (2011). doi: 10.1364/OE.18.025825 | PMID: 21164927
R.T. Branca and W.S. Warren, “In vivo brown adipose tissue detection and characterization using water-lipid intermolecular zero-quantum coherences”, Magn Reson Med, 65 (2), 313-9 (2011). doi: 10.1002/mrm.22622 | PMID: 20939093

2010

I.R. Piletic, T.E. Matthews, and W.S. Warren, “Probing near-infrared photorelaxation pathways in eumelanins and pheomelanins”, J Phys Chem A, 114 (43), 11483-91 (2010). doi: 10.1021/jp103608d | PMID: 20882951
E.R. Jenista, R.T. Branca, and W.S. Warren, “Absolute temperature imaging using intermolecular multiple quantum MRI”, Int J Hyperthermia, 26 (7), 725-34 (2010). doi: 10.3109/02656736.2010.499527 | PMID: 20849265
P. Samineni, Z. Perret, W.S. Warren, and M.C. Fischer, “Measurements of nonlinear refractive index in scattering media”, Opt Express, 18 (12), 12727-35 (2010). doi: 10.1364/OE.18.012727 | PMID: 20588401
E.R. Jenista, G. Galiana, R.T. Branca, P.S. Yarmolenko, A.M. Stokes, M. W. Dewhirst, W.S. Warren, “Application of mixed spin iMQCs for temperature and chemical-selective imaging”, J. Magn. Reson. 204 (2), 208-18 (2010). doi: 10.1016/j.jmr.2010.02.021 | PMID: 20303808
R.T. Branca, Z.I. Cleveland, B. Fubara, C. Kumar, C. Leuschner, R.R. Maronpot, W.S. Warren, B. Driehuys, “Molecular MRI for sensitive and specific detection of lung metastases”, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107 (8):3693-7 (2010). doi: 10.1073/pnas.1000386107 | PMID: 20142483

2009

I.R. Piletic, T.E. Matthews, W.S. Warren, “Estimation of molar absorptive and pigment sizes for eumelanin and pheomelanin using femtosecond transent absorption spectroscopy”, J. Chem. Phys. 131 (18), 181106 (2009). doi: 10.1063/1.3265861 | PMID: 19916591
E.R. Jenista, A.M. Stokes, R.T. Branca, W.S. Warren, “Optimized, unequal pulse spacing in multiple echo sequences improves refocusing in magnetic resonance”, J. Chem. Phys. 131 (20), 204510 doi: 10.1063/1.3263196 | PMID: 19947697
W.S. Warren, E.R. Jenista, R.T. Branca, “Increasing hyperpolarized spin lifetimes through true singlet eigenstates”, Science 323,1711-4 (2009). doi: 10.1126/science.1167693 | PMID: 19325112
R.T. Branca, W. S. Warren, “Solvent suppression without crosspeak attenuation in iZQC experiments”, Chem. Phys. Lett., 470 (4-6), 325-331 (2009). doi: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.01.063
R.T. Branca, Y. M. Chen, V. Mouraviev, G. Galiana, E. Jenista, C. Kumar, C. Leuschner, W. S. Warren, “iDQC anisotropy map imaging for tumor tissue characterization in vivo”, Magn. Reson. in Med. 61, 937-943 (2009). doi: 10.1002/mrm.21925 | PMID: 19215050
T. Ye, D. Fu, W.S. Warren, “Nonlinear Absorption Microscopy”, Photocem Photobiol. 85 (3), 631-45 (2009). doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00514.x | PMID: 19170931
E.R Jenista, R.T. Branca, W.S. Warren, “Hyperpolarized Carbon-Carbon Intermolecular Multiple Quantum Coherence”, J. Magn. Reson. 196 (1), 74-7 (2009). doi: 10.1016/j.jmr.2008.09.027 | PMID: 18926750

2008

D. Fu, T.E. Matthews, T. Ye, I.R. Piletic, W.S. Warren, “Label-free In Vivo Optical Imaging of Microvasculature and Oxygenation Level”, J. Biomed. Opt. 13 (4), 040503 (2008). doi: 10.1117/1.2968260 | PMID: 19021307
G. Galiana, R.T. Branca, E.R. Jenista, and W.S. Warren, “Accurate Temperature Imaging Based on Intermolecular Coherences in Magnetic Resonance”, Science 322, 421-424 (2008). doi: 10.1126/science.1163242 | PMID: 18927389
R.T. Branca, G. Galiana, and W.S. Warren, “Enhanced Nonlinear Magnetic Resonance Signals Via Square Wave Dipolar Fields”, J. Chem. Phys. 129, 054502 (2008). doi: 10.1063/1.2962976 | PMID: 18698909
I.R. Piletic, M.C. Fischer, P. Samineni, G. Yurtsever, and W.S. Warren, “Rapid Pulse Shaping With Homodyne Detection For Measuring Nonlinear Optical Signals”, Optics Letters 33, 1482-1484 (2008). doi: 10.1364/OL.33.001482 | PMID: 18594672
M.C. Fischer, H.C. Liu, I.R. Piletic, and W.S. Warren, “Simultaneous Self-Phase Modulation and Two-Photon Absorption Measurement by a Spectral Homodyne Z-Scan Method”, Optics Express 16 (6), 4192-4205 (2008). doi: 10.1364/OE.16.004192 | PMID: 18542515
J. C. Davis, M. R. Fetterman, W. S. Warren and D. Goswami, “Propagation of complex shaped ultrafast pulses in highly optically dense samples”, J Chem Phys. 128, 154312 (2008). doi: 10.1063/1.2894871 | PMID: 18433214
R.T. Branca, C. Leuschner, C. Kumar, B. Fubara, W. Warren, and B. Driehuys, “Hyperpolarized 3He MRI to Detect Lung Metastases Targeted by Magnetic Nanoparticles”, Proceedings of ISMRM, 16 (2008). PDF
D. Fu, T. Ye, T.E. Matthews, J. Grichnik, L. Hong, J.D. Simon, and W.S. Warren, “Probing Skin Pigmentation Changes with Transient Absorption Imaging of Eumelanin and Pheomelanin”, J. Biomed. Opt. 13, 054036 (2008). doi: 10.1117/1.2976424 | PMID: 19021416
M.C. Fischer, H.C. Liu, I.R. Piletic, Y. Escobedo-Lozoya, R. Yasuda, and W.S. Warren, “Self-Phase Modulation Signatures of Neuronal Activity”, Optics Letters 33 (3), 219-221 (2008). doi: 10.1364/OL.33.000219 | PMID: 18246134

2007

J.H. Cho, S. Ahn, C. Lee, K.S. Hong, K.C. Chung, S.K. Chang, C. Cheong, and W.S. Warren, “Magnetic Resonance Microscopic Imaging Based on High-Order Intermolecular Multiple-Quantum Coherences”, Magnetic Resonance Imaging 25 (5), 626-633 (2007). doi: 10.1016/j.mri.2006.09.005 | PMID: 17540273
D. Fu, T. Ye, T.E. Matthews, G. Yurtsever, and W.S. Warren, “Two-Color, Two-Photon, and Excited-State Absorption Microscopy”, Journal of Biomedical Optics 12 (5), 054004 (2007). doi: 10.1117/1.2780173 | PMID: 17994892
D. Fu, T. Ye, T.E. Matthews, G. Yurtsever, L. Hong, J.D. Simon, and W.S. Warren, “Two-Color Excited-State Absorption Imaging of Melanins”, in Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging – Proceedings of SPIE 6424, 642402 (2007). doi: 10.1117/12.698756
W.S. Warren, D. Fu, T. Ye, H. Liu, and M.C. Fischer, “Tissue Imaging with Shaped Femtosecond Laser Pulses”, in Ultrafast Phenomena XV, 807-809 (2007). doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-68781-8_257
R.T. Branca, G. Galiana, and W.S. Warren, “Signal Enhancement in CRAZED Experiments”, Journal of Magnetic Resonance 187 (1), 38-43 (2007). doi: 10.1016/j.jmr.2007.02.017 | PMID: 17448714
M.C. Fischer, H. Liu, I.R. Piletic, T. Ye, R. Yasuda, and W.S. Warren, “Self-Phase Modulation and Two-Photon Absorption Imaging of Cells and Active Neurons”, in Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging – Proceedings of SPIE 6442, 64421J (2007). doi: 10.1117/12.698693
W.S. Warren, M.C. Fischer, and T. Ye, “Novel Nonlinear Contrast Improves Deep-Tissue Microscopy”, Laser Focus World 43 (6), 99-103 (2007). LFW 43
C. Li, W. Wagner, M. Ciocca, and W.S. Warren, “Multiphoton Femtosecond Phase-Coherent Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy”, Journal of Chemical Physics 126 (16), 164307 (2007). https:/doi.org/10.1063/1.2721562 | PMID: 17477602
D. Fu, T. Ye, T.E. Matthews, B.J. Chen, G. Yurtserver, and W.S. Warren, “High-Resolution in Vivo Imaging of Blood Vessels without Labeling”, Optics Letters 32 (18), 2641-2643 (2007). doi: 10.1364/OL.32.002641 | PMID: 17873920

2006

W. S. Warren, “Coherence, Correlation and Entanglement: Have We Learned Anything from NMR Quantum Computing?”, Quantum Computing, Backaction 2007 (AIP Conference Proceedings, volume 864) 324-330 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2400903
W.S. Warren, “Spectroscopy: Shifting Light with Spin”, Nature 442 (7106), 990 (2006). doi: 10.1038/442990a | PMID: 16943825
T. Ye, G. Yurtsever, M. Fischer, J.D. Simon, and W.S. Warren, “Imaging Melanin by Two-Photon Absorption Microscopy”, in Proceedings of SPIE 6089, 60891 (2006). doi: 10.1117/12.646139